Keywords
Video, video-mediated instruction, strategies for video-mediated instruction
Abstract
This paper explores the meaning of video as a means of instruction. It goes further to discuss the strategies for video-mediated instruction. The paper posits that video-mediated instruction as an offshoot of the technological growth of the 21st century, is not only useful for teaching but also for studying and learning in and outside the classroom, and is applicable in basic instruction, classroom enrichment, accelerated learning, distance education, global student collaboration, communication, and for professional development. Strategies for the application of videos in the classroom are also espoused and the benefits of using video for instruction explained. Some of the barriers of the adoption of video-mediated instruction comprising of technological, legislative, behavioural, and resource-based barriers in essence, are equally explicated. Recommendations that will lead to better understanding of good practices that can help improve success in incorporating video technologies in the learning process are finally proffered.
References
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Becker, H. J. (1994). Analysis of trends of school use of new information technology. Irvine: University of California Press.
Bereiter, C. & Scardamalia, M. (1989). Intentional learning as a goal of instruction. In L. B. Resnick (Ed.). Knowing, learning, and instruction. Essays in honour of Robert Glaser. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Bereiter, C. & Scardamalia, M. (2003). Learning to work creatively with knowledge. In: E. De Corte, L. Verschaffel, N. Entwistle & J. van Merriënboer (Eds.). Unravelling Basic Components and Dimensions of Powerful Learning Environments. Early Advances in Learning and Instruction Series
Brame, C. J. (2015). Effective educational videos. Retrieved 22 August 2016 from http://cft.vanderbilt.edu/guides-sub-pages/effective-educational-videos/.
Blurton, C. (2002). New directions of ICT-use in education. http:/www/unesco.org/education/educprog./ewidle/edut.pdf
Bruner, J. S. (1966). Toward a theory of instruction. Cambridge Mass: Harvard University Press.
Burton, C. (2002). New direction of ICT use in education.www.unesco.org/education/eduprog/iwf/di/edict.pdf. Retrieved May 15, 2005
Carlson, S. & Firpo, J. (2001). Integrating computers into teaching: Findings from a 3-year program in 20 developing countries.
Cochran-Smith, M. & Lytle, S. (1990, March). Research on teaching and teacher research: The issue that divides. Educational Researcher, pp. 2–11.
Collis, B. A., Knezek, G. A., Lai., K. W., Miyashita, K. T., Pelgrum, W. J., Plomp, T. & Sakamoto, T. (1996). Children and computers in school. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Davies, I. K. (1978). Visual instruction. London: Gin and Co. Press Ltd.
Dey, E., Burn, H. & Gerdes, D. (2009). Bringing the classroom to the Web: Effects of using new technologies to capture and deliver lectures. Research in Higher Education, 50, 377–393,
Dike, H. I. (1989). Strategies for producing instructional materials. Owerri: Joewam Publishers.
Dimock, V. & Boethel, M. (1999). Constructing knowledge with technology, Southwest Educational Development Laboratory. Available at: http://www.sedl.org/pubs/tec27/18.html
Ernst, J. & Clark, A. (2009). Technology-based content through virtual and physical modelling: A national research Study. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education 1989–1997, 1997-2010, 20(2), 23–36.
Ezeano, V. N. & Ezeano, A.N. (2000). Information technology for the present millennium: Issues and prospect. A Conference paper presented at the 1st
Fisher, D., & Tan, K. (1989). Visual displays: The highlighting paradox. Human Factors, 31, 17–30.
Fletcher, J. (1990). Effectiveness and cost of interactive videodisk instruction in defence training and education. Washington: Institute for Defence Analyses. IDA Paper, p.2372.
Franchi, J. (1994). Virtual reality: An overview. Tec Trends, 39(1), 6.
Gagné, R. M. (1977). The conditions of learning (3rd ed). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Gee, J. P. (2003). What video games have to teach us about learning and literacy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Greenberg, A. D. & Zanetis. J. (2012). The impact of broadcast and streaming video in education. A Report commissioned by Cisco Systems Inc. to Wainhouse Research, LLC.
Gupta P. (2017). Innovation in Education. Retrieved 16 May 2017, from
http://edtecreview.i/news/2722-innovation-in-education://edtechreview.in/news/2722-innovation-in-education
Haber, R. & Hershenson, M. (1980). The psychology of visual perception (2nd ed). New York: Holt.
Hannu, R. W. (1990). Interactive television networking. THE Journal, 17(8), 60–62.
Harpster, J., Freivalds, A., Shulman, G. & Leibowitz, H. (1989). Visual performance on CRT screens and hard-copy displays. Human Factors, 31, 247–257.
Hung, D. (2002). Situated cognition and problem-based learning: implications for learning and instruction with technology. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 13(4), 393–415.
Illeris, K. (2004). The three dimensions of learning. Malabar, Fla: Krieger Pub. Co.
Kirschner, P. A., Sweller, J. & Clark, R. E. (2006). Why minimal guidance during instruction does not work: An analysis of the failure of constructivist, discovery, problem-based, experiential, and inquiry-based teaching. Educational Psychologist, 41(2), 75–86.
Lambert, J. & Cuper, P. (2008). Multimedia technologies and familiar spaces: 21st century teaching for 21st century learners, contemporary issues in technology and teacher education, 8(3). http://www.citejournal.org/vol8/iss3/currentpractice/article1.cfm
Metiri Group. (2009). Technology in schools: What the research says. Commissioned by Cisco, 2008. San Jose, CA: Cisco Systems, Inc.
Perraton, H. & Creed, C. (2002). Applying new technologies and cost-effective delivery systems in basic education. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Polin, L. (1992). Changes in teachers’ understanding and use of technology for instruction. In: S. Jurich (1992). The impact of video technology in education: From here to where? A review of the literature. San Francisco, CA: The American Educational Research Association, pp.23−36.
Richmond, R. (1997). Integration of technology in the classroom: An instructional perspective. SSTA Research Centre Report. http:/www.ssta.sk.ca/research/technology/97-02ihm#
Roblyer, M. D. & Edwards, J. (2000).Integrating educational technology into teaching (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Romiszowski, A. J. (1998). The selection and use of instructional media for improved classroom teaching and for interactive, individualized instruction (2nd ed.). London: Kogan Page.
Sandholtz, J. H., Ringstaff, C. & Dwyer, D. C. (1997). Teaching with technology: Creating student-centred classrooms. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University.
Sheffield, C. J. (1997, March–April). Instructional technology for teachers: Preparation for classroom diversity. Educational Technology, pp. 16–18.
Shurtleff, D. (1967). Studies in television legibility: A review of the literature. Information Display, 4, 40–47.
Sinha R. (2013). What is 21st century education? Retrieved 16 May 2017, from http://edtechreview.in/trends-insights/insights/184-great-videos-21stcentury-learning.
Thomsen, A., Bridgstock, R. & Willems, C. (2014). ‘Teachers flipping out’ beyond the online lecture: Maximising the educational potential of video. Journal of Learning Design, 7, 67–78.
Vikoo, B. (2003). Learning theories and instructional processes (Rev. ed). Owerri: Springfield Publishers.
Vikoo, B. (2015). Learning theories and instructional processes (3rd ed). Port Harcourt: Pearl Publishers Plc.
Ward, J. (1990). Land line two-way video: Being there and here. THE Journal. 17(9), 59–61
Wikipedia (2017). Video. Retrieved 16 May 2017, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video
Willis, J. & Cifuentes, L. (2005). Training teachers to integrate technology into the classroom curriculum: Online versus face-to-face course delivery (comparative analysis of teacher technology training courses). Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 3(1), 43–54.
Zane Education (2017). Benefits of Educational Video in The Classroom: retrieved 17 May 2017, from http://www.zaneeducation.com/educational-video/education-and-video.php
Zhang, D., Zhou, L., Briggs, R. O. & Nunamaker, J. F. Jr. (2006). Instructional video in e-learning: Assessing the impact of interactive video on learning effectiveness. Information & Management, 43, 15–27
Zhang, D., Zhou, L., Briggs, R. O. & Nunamaker, J. F. Jr. (2006). Instructional video in e-learning: Assessing the impact of interactive video on learning e
http://www.bbcactive.com/BBCActiveIdeasandResources/EducationvideosTenwaystousethemwell.aspx
Becker, H. J. (1994). Analysis of trends of school use of new information technology. Irvine: University of California Press.
Bereiter, C. & Scardamalia, M. (1989). Intentional learning as a goal of instruction. In L. B. Resnick (Ed.). Knowing, learning, and instruction. Essays in honour of Robert Glaser. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Bereiter, C. & Scardamalia, M. (2003). Learning to work creatively with knowledge. In: E. De Corte, L. Verschaffel, N. Entwistle & J. van Merriënboer (Eds.). Unravelling Basic Components and Dimensions of Powerful Learning Environments. Early Advances in Learning and Instruction Series
Brame, C. J. (2015). Effective educational videos. Retrieved 22 August 2016 from http://cft.vanderbilt.edu/guides-sub-pages/effective-educational-videos/.
Blurton, C. (2002). New directions of ICT-use in education. http:/www/unesco.org/education/educprog./ewidle/edut.pdf
Bruner, J. S. (1966). Toward a theory of instruction. Cambridge Mass: Harvard University Press.
Burton, C. (2002). New direction of ICT use in education.www.unesco.org/education/eduprog/iwf/di/edict.pdf. Retrieved May 15, 2005
Carlson, S. & Firpo, J. (2001). Integrating computers into teaching: Findings from a 3-year program in 20 developing countries.
Cochran-Smith, M. & Lytle, S. (1990, March). Research on teaching and teacher research: The issue that divides. Educational Researcher, pp. 2–11.
Collis, B. A., Knezek, G. A., Lai., K. W., Miyashita, K. T., Pelgrum, W. J., Plomp, T. & Sakamoto, T. (1996). Children and computers in school. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Davies, I. K. (1978). Visual instruction. London: Gin and Co. Press Ltd.
Dey, E., Burn, H. & Gerdes, D. (2009). Bringing the classroom to the Web: Effects of using new technologies to capture and deliver lectures. Research in Higher Education, 50, 377–393,
Dike, H. I. (1989). Strategies for producing instructional materials. Owerri: Joewam Publishers.
Dimock, V. & Boethel, M. (1999). Constructing knowledge with technology, Southwest Educational Development Laboratory. Available at: http://www.sedl.org/pubs/tec27/18.html
Ernst, J. & Clark, A. (2009). Technology-based content through virtual and physical modelling: A national research Study. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education 1989–1997, 1997-2010, 20(2), 23–36.
Ezeano, V. N. & Ezeano, A.N. (2000). Information technology for the present millennium: Issues and prospect. A Conference paper presented at the 1st
Fisher, D., & Tan, K. (1989). Visual displays: The highlighting paradox. Human Factors, 31, 17–30.
Fletcher, J. (1990). Effectiveness and cost of interactive videodisk instruction in defence training and education. Washington: Institute for Defence Analyses. IDA Paper, p.2372.
Franchi, J. (1994). Virtual reality: An overview. Tec Trends, 39(1), 6.
Gagné, R. M. (1977). The conditions of learning (3rd ed). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Gee, J. P. (2003). What video games have to teach us about learning and literacy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Greenberg, A. D. & Zanetis. J. (2012). The impact of broadcast and streaming video in education. A Report commissioned by Cisco Systems Inc. to Wainhouse Research, LLC.
Gupta P. (2017). Innovation in Education. Retrieved 16 May 2017, from
http://edtecreview.i/news/2722-innovation-in-education://edtechreview.in/news/2722-innovation-in-education
Haber, R. & Hershenson, M. (1980). The psychology of visual perception (2nd ed). New York: Holt.
Hannu, R. W. (1990). Interactive television networking. THE Journal, 17(8), 60–62.
Harpster, J., Freivalds, A., Shulman, G. & Leibowitz, H. (1989). Visual performance on CRT screens and hard-copy displays. Human Factors, 31, 247–257.
Hung, D. (2002). Situated cognition and problem-based learning: implications for learning and instruction with technology. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 13(4), 393–415.
Illeris, K. (2004). The three dimensions of learning. Malabar, Fla: Krieger Pub. Co.
Kirschner, P. A., Sweller, J. & Clark, R. E. (2006). Why minimal guidance during instruction does not work: An analysis of the failure of constructivist, discovery, problem-based, experiential, and inquiry-based teaching. Educational Psychologist, 41(2), 75–86.
Lambert, J. & Cuper, P. (2008). Multimedia technologies and familiar spaces: 21st century teaching for 21st century learners, contemporary issues in technology and teacher education, 8(3). http://www.citejournal.org/vol8/iss3/currentpractice/article1.cfm
Metiri Group. (2009). Technology in schools: What the research says. Commissioned by Cisco, 2008. San Jose, CA: Cisco Systems, Inc.
Perraton, H. & Creed, C. (2002). Applying new technologies and cost-effective delivery systems in basic education. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Polin, L. (1992). Changes in teachers’ understanding and use of technology for instruction. In: S. Jurich (1992). The impact of video technology in education: From here to where? A review of the literature. San Francisco, CA: The American Educational Research Association, pp.23−36.
Richmond, R. (1997). Integration of technology in the classroom: An instructional perspective. SSTA Research Centre Report. http:/www.ssta.sk.ca/research/technology/97-02ihm#
Roblyer, M. D. & Edwards, J. (2000).Integrating educational technology into teaching (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Romiszowski, A. J. (1998). The selection and use of instructional media for improved classroom teaching and for interactive, individualized instruction (2nd ed.). London: Kogan Page.
Sandholtz, J. H., Ringstaff, C. & Dwyer, D. C. (1997). Teaching with technology: Creating student-centred classrooms. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University.
Sheffield, C. J. (1997, March–April). Instructional technology for teachers: Preparation for classroom diversity. Educational Technology, pp. 16–18.
Shurtleff, D. (1967). Studies in television legibility: A review of the literature. Information Display, 4, 40–47.
Sinha R. (2013). What is 21st century education? Retrieved 16 May 2017, from http://edtechreview.in/trends-insights/insights/184-great-videos-21stcentury-learning.
Thomsen, A., Bridgstock, R. & Willems, C. (2014). ‘Teachers flipping out’ beyond the online lecture: Maximising the educational potential of video. Journal of Learning Design, 7, 67–78.
Vikoo, B. (2003). Learning theories and instructional processes (Rev. ed). Owerri: Springfield Publishers.
Vikoo, B. (2015). Learning theories and instructional processes (3rd ed). Port Harcourt: Pearl Publishers Plc.
Ward, J. (1990). Land line two-way video: Being there and here. THE Journal. 17(9), 59–61
Wikipedia (2017). Video. Retrieved 16 May 2017, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video
Willis, J. & Cifuentes, L. (2005). Training teachers to integrate technology into the classroom curriculum: Online versus face-to-face course delivery (comparative analysis of teacher technology training courses). Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 3(1), 43–54.
Zane Education (2017). Benefits of Educational Video in The Classroom: retrieved 17 May 2017, from http://www.zaneeducation.com/educational-video/education-and-video.php
Zhang, D., Zhou, L., Briggs, R. O. & Nunamaker, J. F. Jr. (2006). Instructional video in e-learning: Assessing the impact of interactive video on learning effectiveness. Information & Management, 43, 15–27
Zhang, D., Zhou, L., Briggs, R. O. & Nunamaker, J. F. Jr. (2006). Instructional video in e-learning: Assessing the impact of interactive video on learning e
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